In his annual State of the Union address nearly a year before the attack at Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt asked the American citizens to support the war going on in Europe. During the speech, which became known as the “Four Freedoms Speech,” he said, “In the future days which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms, some traditional and some new ones: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.”
At the time of the address, artist/illustrator Norman Rockwell was working on a commissioned project for the Ordnance Department of the US Army, a painting of a machine gunner in need of ammunition. After it was completed, the painting was featured on a poster “Let’s Give Him Enough and On Time” that was distributed to munitions factories. Rockwell couldn’t get FDR’s speech out of his mind and wanting to do more for the war effort was determined to illustrate the president’s Four Freedoms.
Rockwell approached the Ordnance Department, but they were not interested because of budgetaryreasons. He then went to the new Office of War Information where he was told “The last war you illustrators did the posters. This war we’re going to use fine artists men, real artists.” Disappointed, he headed back home to Vermont, but on the way, he stopped in New York to meet with The Saturday Evening Post editor, Been Hibbs. It is uncertain if the visit was planned, but it wasn’t unusual given the regular relationship Rockwell had with the Post. He shared his idea with Hibbs who loved it and immediately agreed to use the illustrations, giving Rockwell permission to interrupt his one-cover-a-month assignment.
Given eight weeks to finish the project, Rockwell took seven months to complete the four paintings. He later stated in an interview with New Yorker, that he got a “bad case of stage fright,” and “The job was too big for me. It should have been tackled by Michelangelo.” One source indicated the artist lost ten pounds over the course of the project. Three of the paintings measure 45.75 by 35.5 inches, and Freedom of Worship measures 46.0 by 35.5 inches. The pieces were published in four consecutive weeks during 1943, February 20, February 27, March 6, and March 13, and were accompanied by essays written by Booth Tarkington (Speech), Will Durant (Worship), Carlos Bulosan (Want), and Stephen Vinent Benét (Fear).
The illustrations were met with rousing success, and The Post received millions of requests for reprints that they sold for $0.25 ($4.54 in 2024 dollars). Suddenly, the Office of War Information was interested. President Roosevelt ordered the posters to be translated into foreign languages to be presented to the leaders at the United Nations. By the end of the war, four million posters had been printed!
A tour during the Second War Bond Drive was arranged with the Department of the Treasury that beganApril 26, 2943. The 16-city tour started at Hecht’s in Washington, DC and ended in Denver on May 1. Celebrities such as Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, Will Durant, and Kate Smith were part of the festivities. Rockwell attending some, but not all of the events during which more than one million people viewed the paintings and purchased $132 million worth of war bonds. Those who gave received a set of prints.
The paintings are on permanent display at the Normal Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts which I was fortunate to visit many years ago. Impressive in print, the painting are quite powerful to see in “real life.”
The American World War II Home Front in 29 Objects:
Unlike Europe the American mainland escaped physical devastation during World War II as it was not subjected to full-scale invasions. However, that didn’t mean the United States wasn’t impacted by the war. The ramifications of large economic, cultural, and societal changes forced Americans to reconsider entrenched beliefs and traditions.
Artifacts collected from across the nation tell the stories of the American people whose lives were shaped by this second “war to end all wars,” World War II.
Purchase link: https://books2read.com/u/47pLxR
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)
https://www.mfah.org/blogs/inside-mfah/norman-rockwells-four-freedoms
https://www.nrm.org/2012/10/collections-four-freedoms/
https://rockwellfourfreedoms.org/about-the-exhibit/rockwells-four-freedoms/
Image credits:
Freedom of Speech, Norman Rockwell. 1943. ©SEPS: Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN.
Freedom of Worship, Norman Rockwell. 1943. ©SEPS: Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN.
Freedom from Want, Norman Rockwell. 1943. ©SEPS: Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN.
Freedom from Fear, Norman Rockwell. 1943. ©SEPS: Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN.
































